I felt with a lot more rights in the old country tbh, I came for the money and experience, definitely not more rights or social benefits

There is no way around needing helium, but China will boost their own production in time and they have access to helium from Russia as well. Meanwhile, the reason they can move so fast is due to having a centrally planned system the west rejects. It's the same reason Russia is now outproducing all of NATO in terms of weapons and ammunition. The west is in no position to recreate the necessary supply chains. Rare earths alone is a perfect example. I wrote about the problem in detail here if you're interested. Even under the most aggressive diversification scenarios, China is expected to retain 80% of global refining capacity by 2040. And that's just one example. The west has very little leverage at this point. Also, as she correctly points out, China doesn't need to get to ASML levels to make these fabs useful. As long as they're better than the current ones, that already means China will be producing better domestic chips. And they're also innovating with architecture as well such as Huawei's tau law design which folds the chip and dramatically improves performance. All these things work together. Finally, China is aggressively pursuing alternative computing substrates and some are already starting to come online. This is a recent example. These kinds of things have the potential to leapfrog silicon chips entirely. There's nothing comparable happening in the west because you can't do these kinds of projects without massive amount of state funding and direction to sustain them until they become profitable on their own.

A few more manufacturers won't end the cartel, they'll just end up joining them. Remember the cartel used to also include Qimonda (EU, Made in EU and US), Elipda (itself a merger of NEC and Hitachi's DRAM divisions) and Toshiba. I don't think two more contenders will change much in the long run - in the short term in order to get marketshare they'll play friendly, but 5 years from now CXMT and YMT will just be members of the cartel too.